The first thing you must know before solving a rubik's cube is the notation for moves. What does that mean? Well there are six sides to a rubik's cube and there are notations for each move you make. Much of solving a rubik's cube involves memorzing algorithms but is also muscle memory. Once you practice enough, your fingers start to move on their own & remember which algorithms is for which case. The notation used for turning the rubik's cube are the letters L,F,R,U,D,B. These correspond to each face on the cube. A single letter by itself means a clockwise turn of that face. A letter with an ' after it for instance F' means a counter-clockwise turn. F2 means to rotate the face twice or a 180 degree turn. A small letter means to grab both the center layer aswell as the layer it corresponds to.
This is an example of what a scramble looks like:
L' F' U' R D R U L U2 L D' B L2 F2 R F' L' D2 F U F2 D F2 U B'
They're typically used to mix up the cube for speed solving.
L is for Left
F is for Front
R is for Right
U is for Up
D is for Down
B is for Back